Multiplication : Multiplication is the mathematical operation that is a shorthand for adding the same amount several times. For example $3\cdot 4=4+4+4=12.$

Parenthesis : Parenthesis or brackets are used to clarify the order of operations in an expression. Within an expression terms in parenthesis are supposed to be calculated first. For example $2\cdot(3+4)=2\cdot 7=14$ but $2\cdot 3+4=6+4=10.$

Squared : $x$ squared refers to the number $x^2=x\cdot x.$ For example 3 squared equals 9.

Multiplication : Multiplication is the mathematical operation that is a shorthand for adding the same amount several times. For example $3\cdot 4=4+4+4=12.$

N-th root : The n-th root of a number $x\gt 0$ or $\sqrt[n]{x}$ is defined as the positive solution of the equation $(\sqrt[n]{x})^n=x.$ For example $\sqrt[4]{16}=2$ as $2^4=2 \cdot 2 \cdot 2 \cdot 2=16.$

Negative exponent : A power with a negative exponent $a^{-b}$ is defined as $\frac{1}{a^b}.$

Number : A number $x$ is a mathematical symbol representing a quantity.

Power : A power is a number of the form $a^b.$ $b$ is called the exponent of the power and $a^b$ is called a power of $a$. For natural numbers $b$ the number $a^b$ is an abbreviation for successively multiplying $a$ by itself $b$ times. For example $2^3=2\cdot 2\cdot 2=8.$ For fractional exponents $b=\frac{p}{q}$ the number $a^{\frac{p}{q}}$ is defined as $\sqrt[q]{a^p}.$ For arbitrary real exponents $b$ the power $a^b$ is defined as the limit of $a^{b_n}$ with rational $b_n$ that converge towards $b.$

Third : A third either refers to the third object in an ordering or to the number $\frac{1}{3}=0.\overline{3}.$

Composite function : The composite function $h=f\circ g$ is defined by $h(x)=f(g(x)).$ For example for the functions $f(x)=x^2$ and $g(x)=x+1$ the composite function $h=f\circ g$ is the function $h(x)=(x+1)^2.$ The composite function of two continuous functions is continuous. The composite function of two differentiable functions is differentiable and the derivative can be calculated using the chain rule.

Function : A function is a mapping in which every element in one set is mapped to exactly one element of a second set. Most often the mapping is described using a rule. For example the function $f(x)=x+1$ maps 2 to 3 and -1 to 0.

Graph : The graph of a function is the set of points $\{(x,f(x))\}$ that can be blotted in a coordinate system.

Point : A point is an element in a space. Shapes are made of sets of points.

Reflection : A reflection is a transformation that mirrors a shape at a line. Reflections turn shapes into congruent shapes.

X-axis : The horizontal axis in a two-dimensional coordinate system.

Y-axis : The vertical axis in a two-dimensional coordinate system.