Addition : Addition is the mathematical operation that describes increasing a number by an amount equal to a second number. The mathematical symbol for addition is the plus sign $+.$ The term addition is also used for a generalization of this basic operation on numbers to functions, vectors and matrices.

Ones digit : The first digit left of the decimal point (or the digit furthest to the right if there is no decimal point). It counts multiples of 1.

Subtraction : Subtraction is the mathematical operation that describes decreasing a number by an amount equal to a second number. The mathematical symbol for subtraction is the minus sign $-.$ The term subtraction is also used for a generalization of this basic operation on numbers to functions, vectors and matrices.

Tens digit : The tens digit is the second digit left of the decimal point. For example 31.2 and 32 both have tens digits equal to 3.

Denominator : The denominator of a fraction $\frac{a}{b}$ is the number $b$ below the fraction bar.

Fraction : A fraction is a number that can be written as $\frac{a}{b}$ with an integer $a$ and a natural numbers $b.$ A fraction $\frac{a}{b}$ is the result of the division $a\div b.$ Examples of fractions are $\frac{1}{2}, -\frac{2}{3}$ and $\frac{3}{2}.$

Half : A Half is the number equal to $\frac{1}{2}=0.5.$

One fifth : One fifth is the number $\frac{1}{5}=0.2.$

Quarter : One quarter is the number $\frac{1}{4}=0.25.$

Slice : A slice of a three-dimensional shape is the 2-dimensional shape that is the intersection of the 3-dimensional shape and a plane that is cut through the 3-dimensional shape.

Third : A third either refers to the third object in an ordering or to the number $\frac{1}{3}=0.\overline{3}.$

Unit fraction : A unit fraction is a fraction of the form $\frac{1}{n}$ for a natural number $n$. Examples of unit fractions are $\frac{1}{2}$ and $\frac{1}{23}.$

Division : Division is the mathematical operation that divides objects equally into groups. More generally $x\div y$ is defined as the number that if multiplied by $y$ equals $x.$

Favorable outcome : In a random experiment the favorable outcomes are the outcomes of the event of which we want to calculate the probability. For example if we want to calculate the probability of throwing an even number with a dice the favorable outcomes are 2, 4 and 6.

Number : A number $x$ is a mathematical symbol representing a quantity.

Possible outcome : Any outcome of a random experiment.

Probability : A probability is a number between 0 and 1 that describes how likely an outcome is. For discrete events that are equally likely the probability can be calculated by dividing the number of favorable outcomes by the number of possible outcomes.

Reduced fraction : A reduced fraction (or simplified fraction or fraction in simplified form or fraction in simplest form) is a fraction $\frac{a}{b}$ such that $a$ and $b$ do not have any common factors bigger than 1. For example the reduced fraction of the fraction $\frac{4}{6}$ is $\frac{2}{3}.$