Circle : A circle is a two-dimensional shape. The boundary of a circle is a set of points that has the same distance (the radius) from the center of the circle.

Diagonal : A diagonal in a quadrilateral is the line segment between a corner and its opposing corner. A diagonal in a cube (or rectangular prism) is the line segment between two corners that are not part of a same face.

Rectangle : A rectangle is a quadrilateral with 4 right angles. Two opposing sides in a rectangle have the same length. They are sometimes referred to as the width and the length of the rectangle. To calculate the area of an rectangle one can multiply the width of the rectangle by the length of the rectangle. A square is the special case of a rectangle in which all side lengths are the same. Every rectangle is a parallelogram.

Shape : A shape is a set of points in space.

Square : A square is a quadrilateral with four right angles and four equal length sides. A square is a special case of a rectangle and a special case of a rhombus.

Triangle : A triangle is a polygon with three corners and three sides. You can calculate the area of a triangle by multiplying half the length of the base by the height on that base. The sum of the interior angles in a triangle is always $180^{\circ}.$

Addition : Addition is the mathematical operation that describes increasing a number by an amount equal to a second number. The mathematical symbol for addition is the plus sign $+.$ The term addition is also used for a generalization of this basic operation on numbers to functions, vectors and matrices.

Multiple : A multiple of a number $x$ is any of the numbers $1x,2x,3x,4x,\ldots.$ For example the multiples of 7 include 7, 14, 21 and 70.

Centimeter : A centimeter ($cm$) is $\frac{1}{100}$ of a meter.

Cube : A cube is a three-dimensional shape with 6 faces that are all squares. A cube has 8 corners and 12 edges.

Cubed : The cube of a number $x$, or $x$ cubed or $x^3$ is the third power of $x$: $x^3=x\cdot x\cdot x.$ For example 2 cubed equals 8.

Diameter : The diameter of a circle is the length of a line segment from the boundary of a circle through the center of the circle to the boundary on the other side of the circle.

Half : A Half is the number equal to $\frac{1}{2}=0.5.$

Number : A number $x$ is a mathematical symbol representing a quantity.

Pi : Pi or $\pi$ is an irrational number approximately equal to 3.14 that is defined as the quotient of the circumference and the diameter of a circle.

Quarter : One quarter is the number $\frac{1}{4}=0.25.$

Ratio : A ratio is a comparison of two numbers using a division.

Sphere : A sphere is a three-dimensional shape that has a boundary equal to a set of points with a constant distance to a point. The point is called the center of the sphere and the distance is called the radius $r$ of the sphere. The volume of a sphere with radius $r$ is $\frac{4}{3}\pi r^3$ and the surface area is $4\pi r^2.$

Volume : Volume refers to the size of a three-dimensional objects measured by how many unit cubes it would take to fill the shape.