Addition : Addition is the mathematical operation that describes increasing a number by an amount equal to a second number. The mathematical symbol for addition is the plus sign $+.$ The term addition is also used for a generalization of this basic operation on numbers to functions, vectors and matrices.

Basis : The basis of a vector space is a set of linearly independent vectors, so that every vector of the vector space can be written as a linear combination of the vectors in the basis. For example $\{\left(\begin{smallmatrix}1\\0\\0\\\end{smallmatrix}\right),\left(\begin{smallmatrix}0\\1\\0\\\end{smallmatrix}\right),\left(\begin{smallmatrix}0\\0\\1\\\end{smallmatrix}\right)\}$ is a basis of $\mathbb{R}^3.$ In a prove by induction basis refers to the first step in which you have to prove that the result is true for a particular number $n$ (usually $n=0$ or $n=1$.)

Exponent : In a power $a^x$ the number $x$ is called the exponent of the power.

Multiplication : Multiplication is the mathematical operation that is a shorthand for adding the same amount several times. For example $3\cdot 4=4+4+4=12.$

Power : A power is a number of the form $a^b.$ $b$ is called the exponent of the power and $a^b$ is called a power of $a$. For natural numbers $b$ the number $a^b$ is an abbreviation for successively multiplying $a$ by itself $b$ times. For example $2^3=2\cdot 2\cdot 2=8.$ For fractional exponents $b=\frac{p}{q}$ the number $a^{\frac{p}{q}}$ is defined as $\sqrt[q]{a^p}.$ For arbitrary real exponents $b$ the power $a^b$ is defined as the limit of $a^{b_n}$ with rational $b_n$ that converge towards $b.$

Basis : The basis of a vector space is a set of linearly independent vectors, so that every vector of the vector space can be written as a linear combination of the vectors in the basis. For example $\{\left(\begin{smallmatrix}1\\0\\0\\\end{smallmatrix}\right),\left(\begin{smallmatrix}0\\1\\0\\\end{smallmatrix}\right),\left(\begin{smallmatrix}0\\0\\1\\\end{smallmatrix}\right)\}$ is a basis of $\mathbb{R}^3.$ In a prove by induction basis refers to the first step in which you have to prove that the result is true for a particular number $n$ (usually $n=0$ or $n=1$.)

Division : Division is the mathematical operation that divides objects equally into groups. More generally $x\div y$ is defined as the number that if multiplied by $y$ equals $x.$

Exponent : In a power $a^x$ the number $x$ is called the exponent of the power.

Power : A power is a number of the form $a^b.$ $b$ is called the exponent of the power and $a^b$ is called a power of $a$. For natural numbers $b$ the number $a^b$ is an abbreviation for successively multiplying $a$ by itself $b$ times. For example $2^3=2\cdot 2\cdot 2=8.$ For fractional exponents $b=\frac{p}{q}$ the number $a^{\frac{p}{q}}$ is defined as $\sqrt[q]{a^p}.$ For arbitrary real exponents $b$ the power $a^b$ is defined as the limit of $a^{b_n}$ with rational $b_n$ that converge towards $b.$

Denominator : The denominator of a fraction $\frac{a}{b}$ is the number $b$ below the fraction bar.

Equation : An equation is a mathematical statement in which two expressions are written with an equal sign in between. A solution of an equation is a set of variables that makes the statement a true statement.

Multiplication : Multiplication is the mathematical operation that is a shorthand for adding the same amount several times. For example $3\cdot 4=4+4+4=12.$

Numerator : The numerator of a fraction $\frac{a}{b}$ is the number $a$ above the fraction bar.

Polynomial expansion : Polynomial expansion refers to multiplying out brackets in a factorization of a polynomial. The most commonly used polynomial expansions are $(x+y)^2=x^2+2xy+y^2,$ $(x-y)^2=x^2-2xy+y^2$ and $(x+y)(x-y)=x^2-y^2.$

Square root : The square root of $x$ denoted by $\sqrt{x}$ is the positive number such that $(\sqrt{x})^2=\sqrt{x}\cdot \sqrt{x}=x.$ For example $\sqrt{9}=3.$

Squared : $x$ squared refers to the number $x^2=x\cdot x.$ For example 3 squared equals 9.